Religious Education (KS3)
UK Key Stage 3 Religious Education: the six principal religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism), non-religious worldviews, and core philosophy and ethics. Covers beliefs, texts, festivals, worship, symbols, rites of passage and moral questions.
Ämne: Religion · Nivå: Högstadium (13–15) · 399 kort
Innehåll
- Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is the largest religion in the world, with about 2.4 billion followers.
- Christians believe in the Trinity: one God in three persons - the Father, the Son (Jesus) and the Holy Spirit.
- The incarnation is the Christian belief that God became human in the person of Jesus Christ. 'Incarnation' means 'becoming flesh'.
- The Christian holy book is the Bible. It has two main parts: the Old Testament (shared with Judaism) and the New Testament (about Jesus and the early Church).
- The four Gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke and John - are the books at the start of the New Testament that describe the life, teaching, death and resurrection of Jesus.
- Christians believe Jesus was crucified (executed on a cross), died, and rose from the dead three days later. This rising is called the resurrection.
- The cross is the main symbol of Christianity. It reminds Christians of the crucifixion of Jesus and the belief that his death brought salvation.
- Christians worship in a church. Worship often includes prayer, hymns, Bible readings and a sermon led by a priest, minister or pastor.
- Christmas celebrates the birth (nativity) of Jesus. It is observed on 25 December by most Western churches.
- Easter is the most important Christian festival. It celebrates the resurrection of Jesus from the dead on Easter Sunday.
- Lent is a 40-day period before Easter when many Christians fast or give something up, remembering the 40 days Jesus spent in the wilderness.
- Holy Communion (also called the Eucharist or Mass) is a Christian service in which bread and wine are shared, recalling the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples.
- Baptism is a Christian rite of passage using water as a sign of being cleansed from sin and welcomed into the Church. Babies or adults may be baptised.
- The three main branches of Christianity are Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant.
- The Pope is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Bishop of Rome. Catholics regard him as the successor of St Peter.
- The Lord's Prayer is the prayer Jesus taught his followers. It begins 'Our Father' and is used by Christians worldwide.
- The Ten Commandments are rules given to Moses in the Old Testament. Christians and Jews see them as basic guidance for living a good life.
- The Parable of the Good Samaritan is a story Jesus told about helping a stranger in need. It teaches that everyone is our neighbour.
- Christians believe in life after death. Many believe the soul goes to heaven to be with God, and Christianity teaches forgiveness and eternal life through Jesus.
- A crucifix is a cross with a figure of Jesus on it. It is especially used in Roman Catholic and Orthodox worship.
- The Sabbath for most Christians is Sunday, the day of rest and worship, chosen because Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead on a Sunday.
- Christians believe Jesus was born in Bethlehem and grew up in Nazareth. His mother was Mary and his earthly father was Joseph, a carpenter.
- The Sermon on the Mount is a famous collection of Jesus' teachings in the Gospel of Matthew. It includes the Beatitudes, which begin 'Blessed are...'.
- Pentecost (Whitsun) celebrates the coming of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' followers. It is often called the birthday of the Church.
- Good Friday is the day Christians remember the crucifixion and death of Jesus. It falls on the Friday before Easter Sunday.
- Advent is the four-week period of preparation before Christmas. Many Christians use an Advent calendar or light Advent candles each week.
- Christians believe in the second coming: that Jesus will return to the world. They also believe God is the creator of the universe.
- Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century CE in Arabia. Its followers are called Muslims, and there are about 1.9 billion of them worldwide.
- Tawhid is the central Islamic belief in the absolute oneness of God (Allah). Muslims believe there is only one God who has no equal.
- Allah is the Arabic word for God. Muslims believe Allah is the one creator, all-powerful and merciful.
- Muhammad (c. 570-632 CE) is the final prophet of Islam. Muslims believe Allah revealed the Qur'an to him through the angel Jibril (Gabriel).
- The Qur'an is the holy book of Islam. Muslims believe it is the word of Allah, revealed to Muhammad in Arabic over about 23 years.
- The Five Pillars of Islam are the five core duties of a Muslim: Shahadah (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting) and Hajj (pilgrimage).
- Shahadah is the Muslim declaration of faith: 'There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.' It is the first Pillar of Islam.
- Salah is the Muslim practice of praying five times a day facing Makkah (Mecca). It is the second Pillar of Islam.
- Zakat is the Muslim duty to give a fixed share (usually 2.5%) of one's savings to the poor each year. It is the third Pillar of Islam.
- Sawm is fasting during the month of Ramadan, when Muslims do not eat or drink between dawn and sunset. It is the fourth Pillar of Islam.
- Hajj is the pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca) that every Muslim who is able should make at least once in their lifetime. It is the fifth Pillar of Islam.
- The Ka'bah is the cube-shaped building in the Grand Mosque at Makkah. Muslims face it when they pray, and pilgrims walk around it during Hajj.
- A mosque (masjid) is the Muslim place of worship. Muslims remove their shoes and wash before prayer, and there are no statues or pictures of living things.
- An imam is a leader of prayer in a mosque. In many communities the imam also teaches and gives guidance.
- Eid al-Fitr is the festival that marks the end of Ramadan. Muslims celebrate with prayers, special food and gifts after a month of fasting.
- Eid al-Adha is the festival of sacrifice. It remembers the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to obey Allah, and takes place during the time of Hajj.
- The Sunnah is the example and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. The Hadith are collected reports of his words and actions, used as guidance alongside the Qur'an.
- The two main branches of Islam are Sunni and Shia. Most Muslims are Sunni. The split began after disagreement over who should lead the community after Muhammad's death.
- Halal means 'permitted' in Islam, and haram means 'forbidden'. For example, halal food follows Islamic rules, while eating pork is haram.
- Muslims believe in earlier prophets too, including Adam, Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus). Muhammad is seen as the last and final prophet.
- The Hijrah was Muhammad's journey from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE. It marks the start of the Islamic calendar.
- The crescent moon and star is a symbol often linked with Islam and appears on the flags of many Muslim countries.
- Many Muslim women wear the hijab, a headscarf that covers the hair, as a sign of modesty and devotion to Allah.